Refrigerating apparatus



l. A. PHILIPP March 25, 1941, 2,236,112

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS 4 Y Filed Feb.' 24,` 1939 2 sheets-sheet. 1

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ATTORNEY.

March 25, 1941. 1 A, PHlLlPP l l 2,236,112

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Lamparas 12 PML/PP 7a av 'BY ATTORNEY.

Pott-.nidadl Niar. 25, 1941l l UNITED STATES v azsauzf Y 'I' ,ff aarfarosaamo Arcana 'Lawr'enfa. Philipp, Detroit, Mich., assigner to; y jf Naoh-Keivinatol'` Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a f I corporation of Maryland y 'rus This invention relates to refrigeratingfapparatus and more particularly compressors for use in connection with such apparatus.` ,Y

' The invention consists in delivering thelow pressure refrigerant from the evaporator to a chamber wherein the oilwill be `'separated from the gaseous vapor by contacting with the walls of the chamber and also by gravity due to the greatly reduced velocity ofthe vapors uponventering the chamber. vThis oil which has been separated is conducted either by aspiratin'g or metering means to the suction inlet of the compressor cylinder during theA operatio'n of the' compressor andthe oil, upon entering the cylinderywill seal f the piston at the cylinder wall aridfprevent a dry knock; sealingfthe gas within the cylinder and prevent gas leakage; lubricating the' piston and cylinder wall surfaces and ythereby 'quieting the compressor and increasing its emciei'icy.` The inventionconsistsof certain novel features of construction and'combinations of parts which will be hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings: i

Fig. lis a view` in elevation of 'a motor lcompressor unit with parts broken away and parts shown in section, and showing the invention applied in a schematic arrangement vof a refrigeration system;

Fig. 2 is a view taken alongline 2-2 of Fig." 1;

Fig; 3 is a fragmentary viewy in cross section of asimilar type'compressorewith a modified arrangement of the invention; l

Fig. 4 is a vertical view in crosssection of an.. 35 other type of refrigerant compressor illustrating the adaptability of the inventionl thereto with modifications, and a schematic arrangementofV a refrigerating system.

Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, the dome 40 shaped shell orcasing I0 is provided with an end or cover plate li which is secured thereto by weld, or the like, for forming a hermetically sealed chamber for a motor compressor unit. Mounted within the casing or'shell I0 is a suitable electri- 45 cally operated motor|2 to `which isoperatively connected for driving a shaft I5. An annular member' l1 is supported" within the shell and Y serves 'as a support and housing for the motor. Depending from lthis'annular member l1 is a 50 casting forming a crank-case portion 2l and Mounted upon the eccentric is la connecting rod I 23 of the piston 24, so that upon the rotation of the shaft, the piston 24 will be reciprocatedwithin the compressor cylinder 2 i. A cylinder head 25 is 00 mounted on the cylinder, and interposed between the cylinder head and eynderis-a vwefpiateg 2t. Thecylinder head `25 is provided-iwltha'recessedintake chamber 21 into v'vhichv the lowprfessure gaseous refrigerant `is delivered thrigh ai -p'ipe '2l which has open communication withfthe 'upper portion ofthe 'chamberfli formed y within the cas- The low pressure refrigerant is vc'leliver'ed `through aport 33,` formedin the valve plateii varid-icon-l trolled by lvalve*'34 extending into" a recessedv chamber formed vinthe cylinder headlffor the i discharge of compressed refrigeriaLntv The f compressed refrigerant 'is conducted frorri 'the'chamdenser; The low pressurev orheat laden refrigerantls conducted from the"evaporatorby'conduit- 45 to the motor compressor unit;

A coupling securedto shell Iil-conn'ects conduit `45 with "a tube 41 within the chamber 30.'

The end of the tube 41 terminates atfapoint be` ber 35 through conduit/315 into a muiiler36;f'fand. 'through conduits `38` and 33 to acondenser .40; The conduits 38 and 39 are connected together by means of a coupling 60 carried vor1**the shell i0.. Thereirigerant as' it passes through thefc'on- I denser is liquied and deliveredto the' evaporator 44 4 vby tube-43", of small diameter,y from'the'conis provided withy an opening (not shown) where-'2 by a portionof the returning refrigerantfis'disrcharged directly into chamber 30 abovethe lubri; cant level 48. E

, Formed in the cylinder head 25 is ai passage 5I that leads into the intake chamber 21,. *ifrroject-v fing into passage 5I and positione'clfxthereir'i` by sleeve 52 is 'a tube 53 of very small diameter whose opposite open end is submerged inl thebciiyl of lubricant carried in chamber 30. The tube 53`fserves with the refrigerant through port 3|i`nto'-fthe cylinder during the suction stroke of thepist'on 24. I'Ihe tube 5| is of such a size asto metersufll- Ito conduct a limited amountoflubricant* from the reservoir into passage' 5I yand 2l tobe drawn cient lubricant with each charge of refrigeranty into the compression chamber to eliminate dry knocking caused when sufcient lubricant cannot reach'the head of the piston. Supplyinglubri- -cant into thetop of the cylinderfurther"serves to seal the piston with the cylinder'walland' conl.

sequently seals the refrigerant from-leakage past the piston, providing 'for greater efilciency'of the compressor'while at the l samer time bfiuietirig its operation. c' Q j In the modified form `shown in Figuref there c is provided a' 'pumping 'arrangementforu'fbizcihg lubricant from a reservoir through opening 60 towards the bearing 08 by a pump comprising of a slot 10 arranged in the end of stud 12 embedded in the end of shaft I6. The lubricant will be carried up the length of bearing 68, partially assisted by a spiral groove 14 formed on the bearing surface, into the crankcase 16. y As the crankcase is sealed from chamber except for passageway'18 the displaced gas within the crankease, on the compression stroke, will seek this Voutlet to. escape into chamber 30. As the passageway 18 communicates at a point below the lubricant level 80 normally maintained in the crankcase the gas will force lubricant ahead of itself through the passage 18 towards its outlet into the trough 82 wherein the lubricant will be dropped and trapped against flowing back into the crankcase. A passage 04 communicates from the trough 82 to the upper bearing 80 of the shaft for supplying lubricant thereto. A second troughvor well 88 is'formed above cylinder 2| and below trough 82 to catch the overflow therefrom flowing over the lip 00. Lying in the 'trough 88-is a tube 92 of very small diameter which leadsto and forms communication with a passage 94 formed by cutting away gasket 86 between the plate 26 and the cylinder head 25 of the compressor. The passage 94 communicates with the intake chamber 21.

During the cycling of the compressor the 1ubricant overflows from the first trough 82 into the second trough 08 tobe metered by its passage through the tube 92 into passage 84 and v drawn with the refrigerant throughv the intake chamber 21 into the compression chamber. It will -be noted that the lubricant is not drawn into the cylinder from a reservoir solely by the suction forcecreated by the reciprocating piston, but that there is provided a gravity flow from a trough that is forcibly fed during the cycling of the compressor.

In Figure 4, still another form of the invention is illustrated, wherein the compressor, comprising in general, an outer casing |00 which includes a crankcase portion |02, adapted to contain a quantity of lubricating oil, and a cylinder block portion |04. A valve plate |06 and cylinder head |01 are clamped to the cylinder block |04 by means of bolts |08. Mounted within the cylinder is a piston ||0 which is adapted to be re'ciprocated therein by means of a connecting rod ||2 pivotally connected to the piston and mounted upon al crank I4 of the crank shaft |8 `iournalled in the crankcase portion |02.

'I'he compressor |00 is provided with a chamber or reservoir ||8 formed in the wall thereof, and preferably located adjacent the cylinder block H0, into which the low pressure gaseous refrigerant is delivered from the evaporator of the refrigeratingsystem. The chamber ||8 has communication by means oi' a passage |20 formed at one end thereof with a recessed chamber |22 formed in the cylinder head |01. A duct |24 is Thev for delivering the compressed refrigerant into the. chamber |00. The compressed refrigerant is discharged from the chamber |06 by a conduit ||2 to a condenser I|4 wherein the compressed refrigerant is liquied and is then conducted by conduit ||6 to a receiver IIB. The refrigerant is delivered from the receiver ||8 by conduit |20 to an evaporator |22 and the .vapor or gaseous refrigerant is delivered from the evap- .orator' |22 by conduit |24 to the chamber ||0 of the compressor. The chamber is of a size sumcient to permit the gaseous refrigerant uponA entering the chamber, to expand and thereby' lose some of its velocityand thereby permittingV the lubricant contained in the refrigerant to be- -come separated therefrom, while some of the'lubricant will contact with the walls of the chamber and be separated from the refrigerant. This separated lubricant will collect on the bottom of the chamber H8, and an opening |30is provided in the wall of the chamber for allowing any excess lubricant to ow into the crankcase |02 of the compressor.

'Ihe passage |20 of the chamber is preferably provided with a thimble |32 which is open at both ends, with the opening at the end entering the chamber ||8 of smaller diameter than the portion extending into the passage |20. An

*this refrigerant is drawn from the chamber ||8 by the suction of the compressor, a certain amount of oil will be drawn through the tube |34 into the thimble |32 where' the oil and gaseous refrigerant will commingle and be conductled through passage |20 to the cylinder. The tube along with the flow of the gas through the thimble, functions as an aspirator, whereby a metered or small quantity of oil will be carried in suspension in the gaseous refrigerant to the cylinder for sealing the piston within the cylinder and l furnishing suilicient lubricant for the walls of the piston and cylinder to eliminate dry knocking that might be created by the delivery of the gaseous vapors to the cylinder.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the low pressure refrigerant is delivered, in the constructions shown. into chambers wherein a separation of lubricant and refrigerant may take place, and the lubricant collected. and a small quantity of the lubricant is conducted or metered'to the cylinder for the elimination of dry knock and permitting of greater emciency of the compressor. By submerging the end of tube 5| deep into the reservoir as shown in Figure 1, or providing the troughs or wells as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the lubricant is collected without any foam and only the pure lubricant -is supplied to the cylinders along with-the gaseous refrigerant to be compressed.

Althoughv only a preferred form of the inventionk has been illustrated. and that form described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the v compressor having a compressionl chamber and -rated lubricant, a metering tube for conducting a small quantity of lubricant from said reservoir to said passage, said separated refrigerant being conducted through said passage to the intake chamberduring the operation of the compressor and causing the lubricant to be drawn fromthe reservoir through the tube and into the passage therewith.

2, In a refrigerating apparatus comprising a."

compressor having a compression chamber and an intake port for said compression chamber, a separating chamber, means for conducting low pressure'refrigerant and entrained lubricant to said separating chamber,'a reservoir associated with said separating chamber for receiving separated lubricant, a passageway for conducting the low pressure refrigerant from said separating chamber to said intake port and a conduit having its one end disposed in said reservoir below the level of lubricant therein and its other end communicating with the said intake port, said conduit having a restricted metering passageway for conducting measured quantities of lubricant from said reservoir to said intake port.

3. In a refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor having a compression chamber and an intake port for said compression chamber, a separating chamber, means for conducting low pressure refrigerant and entrained lubricant to4 said separating chamber, a reservoir associated with ,said separating chamber for receiving separated lubricant, a passageway for conducting the low pressure refrigerant from said separating chamber to said intake port and a continuous conduit having its one end Vdisposed in said reservoir below the level of lubricant therein and its other end communicating with the said intake port, said conduit having a restricted metering passageway for conducting measured quantities of lubricant from said reservoir to said intake port.

4. In a refrigeratingapparatus comprising a. compressor having a compressionchamber and an intake port for said compression chamber, a separating chamber, means for conducting low pressure refrigerantand entrained lubricant to said separating chamber, a well associated with said separating chamber for receiving separated lubricant, said well being disposed above said intake port, a passageway for conducting the..Y low pressure refrigerant from said separating chamber to said intake .port and a horizontally disposed metering passage having its vone end opening into said well and its other Yend communicating with said intake port for conducting measured quantities of lubricant from said well to said intake port.

5. In a refrigerating apparatus comprising a an intake port forrsaid compression chamber, a I

separating chamber, means for conducting low pressure refrigerant and entrained lubricant to said separating chamber, a well associated with said separating chamber for receiving separated lubricant, said well being disposed above said intake port, a passageway for-conducting the low .pressure refrigerant from rsaid separating chamber to saidv intake port and a horizontally disposed metering passage having its one end opening into said vvell, and its other end communicat- ,p

ing with said intake .port through said passageway for conducting measured quantities of lubricant from said well to said intake port.

6. In a refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressorhaving a compression chamber and an intake port for said compression chamber, a separating chamber, means for conducting low 'pressure refrigerant'. and entrained lubricant` to said separating chamber, a 'well associated with said separatingchamber for receiving separated lubricant, said well being disposed above said compression chamber, a passageway for conduct- A ing the low pressure refrigerant from said separating chamber to said intake port and means -forming ya restricted metering passage having one end communicating with said well and its I soy pressure refrigerant and entrained lubricant to v said separating chamber, awell associatedwith saidhseparating chamber for receivingfseparatedl lubricant, a conduit extending vertically to the upper portion of said separating chamber for conducting the A low pressure refrigerant from said upper portion of said separating chamber to said intake port and a second conduit having its one end disposed in said well below the level of lubricant therein and its other end communicating with said intake port, said second conduit forming a restricted metering means vfor conducting measured quantities of lubricant from said well into said -compression chamberl through said intake port during the passage of low pressure refrigerant through said' intake port to said compression chamber.

8. In a refrigerating apparatus comprising a compressor having a cylinder and a piston, said cylinder having an intake and exhaust port, said cylinder afnxed to and opening into an enclosed crankca'se, a. crankshaft journaled in said crankcase and operatively connected to said piston, a chamber adjacent said compressor, a means for moving lubricant .from said chamber into said crankcase, a trough in said chamber positioned at a height above saidl intake port, a passageway communicating from said crankcase with said trough inzmanner to allow the displaced air from said crankcase to carry lubricant-therefrom to said trough, a communicating passage between said trough and said intake port, and means interposed in said communicating passage to measure the quantity of lubricant to be admitted with each charge of refrigerant into said cylinder.

LAWRENCE A. PHILIP?. 

